胃肠镜筛查人群的消化道肿瘤筛查认知现状和健康促进策略——基于上海地区的实证研究
| 作 者：储冬梅, 姜子茂, 王晓航 |
| 单 位：海军军医大学第二附属医院 |
| 基金项目：上海长征医院护理科研基金 |
| 摘 要： |
| 背景：消化道恶性肿瘤是我国的重大公共卫生问题，早期筛查是降低消化道肿瘤负担的关键。居民认知水平直接影响筛查依从性，因此亟需明确筛查人群的认知现状。目的：调查上海地区胃肠镜筛查人群对消化道肿瘤筛查的认知现状并分析其影响因素，为制定区域性健康促进策略提供科学依据。方法：采用横断面研究设计，于2023年6月—9月以方便抽样方法选取在上海长征医院行胃肠镜检查者360名进行消化道恶性肿瘤筛查核心知识问卷调查。分析核心知识知晓率，并以单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析知晓率的影响因素。结果：最终回收有效问卷359份，调查对象消化道恶性肿瘤筛查核心知识平均知晓率为42.73%。按得分中位数将调查对象分为高知晓组（n=107）和低知晓组（n=252），单因素分析显示，高知晓组与低知晓组在性别、居住地、排便习惯、排便性状改变方面的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归显示，性别（OR=0.513, 95% CI: 0.280~0.940, P=0.031）和排便性状改变（OR=3.573, 95% CI: 1.555~8.209, P=0.003）是核心知识知晓不足的独立相关因素。结论：上海地区消化道肿瘤筛查认知水平亟待提升。建议重点针对排便性状改变群体开展精准化健康教育，同时关注性别差异对认识水平的影响，通过分层干预策略提升居民认知水平，推动消化道肿瘤防控工作的有效实施。 |
| 关键词：胃肠肿瘤； 筛查认知； 核心知识； 知晓率 |
Investigation on Cognition of Gastrointestinal Tumor Screening in A Screening Cohort for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the Health Promotion Strategies: An Empirical Study in Shanghai
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| Abstract: |
| Background: Gastrointestinal malignancies represent a major public health issue in China. Early screening is crucial for reducing the burden of gastrointestinal tumors. Residents' cognitive level directly affects screening compliance, so it is urgent to clarify the current status of screening cognition among target populations. Aims: To investigate the cognitive level of gastrointestinal tumor screening among individuals undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy in Shanghai, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating regional health promotion strategies. Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted. From June to September 2023, a total of 360 individuals undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy at Shanghai Changzheng Hospital were selected by convenience sampling to complete a questionnaire survey on core knowledge of gastrointestinal malignant tumor screening. The overall awareness rate of core knowledge was calculated. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing awareness rate. Results: A total of 359 valid questionnaires were finally retrieved. The average awareness rate of core knowledge of gastrointestinal malignant tumor screening among the individuals was 42.73%. According to the median score, individuals were divided into high-awareness group (n=107) and low-awareness group (n=252). Univariate analysis showed that sex, place of residence, and changes in bowel habits and stool characteristics differed significantly between the two groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that sex (OR=0.513, 95% CI: 0.280-0.940, P=0.031) and altered stool characteristics (OR=3.573, 95% CI: 1.555-8.209, P=0.003) were independently associated with insufficient core knowledge awareness. Conclusions: The cognitive level of gastrointestinal tumor screening among the gastrointestinal endoscopy screening population in Shanghai urgently needs improvement. Targeted precision health education should be prioritized for individuals with altered stool characteristics, while attention should also be paid to the influence of sex-based differences on cognitive levels. Stratified intervention strategies are recommended to enhance residents' cognitive awareness and to facilitate the effective implementation of gastrointestinal tumor prevention and control efforts. |
| Keywords: Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Cognition of Screening; Core Knowledge; Awareness Rate |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-15 |
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