不同饮食模式下咖啡摄入与胃肠道癌风险的相关性
| 作 者：郭琦琦, 张欢, 李炜玥, 赵丹阳, 梁梦琪, 晏榕, 时永全 |
| 单 位：西安医学院 |
| 基金项目：陕西省卫生健康科研创新团队 |
| 摘 要： |
| 背景：咖啡是全球广泛消费的饮品，其与胃肠道癌的关联目前存在一定争议，而饮食模式可能调控两者间的相互作用。目的：运用探索性因子分析方法探究在不同饮食背景下咖啡摄入对胃肠道癌发生的影响。方法：纳入1999—2020年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）数据库中共87 318名成年人，记录参与者的饮食信息、生活习惯、自我报告的健康状况等。采用探索性因子分析确定饮食模式，以胃肠道癌为结局事件，采用Logistic回归分析评估饮用咖啡与胃肠道癌的关系。结果：共纳入符合标准的29 442名参与者，胃肠道癌的总体加权患病率为0.6%。经因子分析确定3种饮食模式，分别为西方模式、素食模式和平衡模式。西方模式下，咖啡摄入与胃肠道癌风险降低有关（OR＝0.971, 95% CI: 0.962~0.979）；素食模式下，不摄入咖啡与较低的胃肠道癌患病风险相关（OR＝0.691, 95% CI: 0.682~0.700）；平衡模式下，是否摄入咖啡均可降低胃肠道癌风险（P均<0.05）。结论：咖啡摄入与胃肠道癌的相关性因饮食模式而异，在西方模式和平衡模式中，咖啡或可抵消不健康饮食者的胃肠肿瘤患病风险，而素食模式则不利于咖啡发挥抗肿瘤作用。 |
| 关键词：胃肠肿瘤；咖啡；饮食模式；因子分析 |
Association Between Coffee Consumption and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk Under Different Dietary Patterns
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| Abstract: |
| Background: Coffee is a widely consumed beverage globally, and its association with gastrointestinal cancer remains controversial. Dietary patterns may modulate this relationship. Aims: To investigate the effect of coffee consumption on the development of gastrointestinal cancer within different dietary contexts using exploratory factor analysis. Methods: A total of 87 318 adults from the 1999-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were included. Participants' dietary information, lifestyle habits, and self-reported health conditions were recorded. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and gastrointestinal cancer, with gastrointestinal cancer as the outcome event. Results: A total of 29 442 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included. The overall weighted prevalence of gastrointestinal cancer was 0.6%. Three dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis: the Western pattern, the vegetarian pattern, and the balanced pattern. In the Western pattern, coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal cancer (OR=0.971, 95% CI: 0.962-0.979). In the vegetarian pattern, no coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal cancer (OR=0.691, 95% CI: 0.682-0.700). In the balanced pattern, both coffee consumption and no coffee consumption were associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal cancer (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The association between coffee consumption and gastrointestinal cancer varies by dietary pattern. In the Western and balanced patterns, coffee might offset the risk of gastrointestinal tumor associated with unhealthy diets, whereas the vegetarian pattern appeared unfavorable for coffee to exert its potential anti-tumor effects. |
| Keywords: Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Coffee; Dietary Pattern; Factor Analysis |
| 投稿时间：2025-11-10 |
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